- Dr Medha Sharma
Eyelid Cysts
Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Eyelid cysts are small, typically benign growths that appear on the eyelid. They can result from blocked glands or other underlying conditions and may vary in size and severity.
Types of Eyelid Cysts
Chalazion
- Caused by the blockage of the meibomian glands.
- Typically presents as a painless lump but can become painful if infected.
Stye (Hordeolum)
- Resulting from an infection of the eyelash follicle or gland.
- Appears as a red, painful lump on the edge of the eyelid.
Inclusion Cyst
- Formed from trapped skin cells under the surface of the eyelid.
- Generally small and non-painful.
Molluscum Contagiosum
- Caused by a viral infection.
- Small, painless bumps that can spread through skin contact.
Sebaceous Cyst
- Formed from blocked sebaceous glands.
- Usually small, non-painful, and filled with a cheesy material.
Causes
- Blockage of oil glands (meibomian or sebaceous glands).
- Bacterial infections (commonly Staphylococcus aureus).
- Viral infections (Molluscum contagiosum).
- Skin conditions (acne rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis).
Symptoms
- Swelling or lump on the eyelid.
- Redness and tenderness (more common in styes).
- Painless bump (more common in chalazia).
- Skin conditions (acne rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis).
- In some cases, vision may be affected if the cyst is large enough to press on the cornea.
Treatment
Molluscum Contagiosum
- Warm Compresses: Apply for 10-15 minutes, 3-4 times daily to encourage drainage.
- Lid Hygiene: Gently clean the eyelids with baby shampoo or eyelid scrubs.
- Avoid Squeezing or Popping: This can cause infection or scarring.
Medications
- Topical Antibiotics: For bacterial infections (more common in styes).
- Oral Antibiotics: If the infection spreads or in cases of severe blepharitis.
- Topical Steroids: To reduce inflammation in persistent cases of chalazia.
Surgical Intervention
- Incision and Drainage: For persistent or large chalazia and styes.
- Excision: For other types of cysts that do not resolve with conservative treatment.
- Performed by an ophthalmologist or an oculoplastic surgeon, often under local anesthesia.
Prevention
- Maintain good eyelid hygiene.
- Regularly clean the eyelids with baby shampoo or eyelid wipes.
- Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes with unclean hands.
- Treat underlying skin conditions such as acne rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis.
- Use protective eyewear during activities that may expose the eyes to dust and debris.
Conclusion: Eyelid cysts are common and generally benign. Effective management involves maintaining good eyelid hygiene and seeking medical treatment when necessary. Prompt attention to symptoms and adherence to preventive measures can reduce the likelihood of recurrence and complications.
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