Comprehensive Eye Exam
Refractive errors are common vision problems that occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina. There are several types of refractive errors:
- Myopia (Nearsightedness): o Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved. As a result, light focuses in front of the retina instead of on it, causing distant objects to appear blurry. Close-up objects may still be seen clearly.
- Hyperopia (Farsightedness): Hyperopia occurs when the eyeball is too short or the cornea has too little curvature. This causes light to focus behind the retina instead of on it, making nearby objects appear blurry. Some people with mild hyperopia can see clearly at a distance but may have difficulty focusing on close-up objects.
- Astigmatism: Astigmatism results from an irregularly shaped cornea or lens. Instead of being spherical, like a basketball, the cornea or lens is shaped more like a football. This causes light to focus unevenly on the retina, leading to blurred vision at any distance. Astigmatism can occur alone or in combination with myopia or hyperopia.
- Presbyopia: Presbyopia is an age-related condition that affects near vision. It occurs when the natural lens inside the eye becomes less flexible over time, making it harder to focus on close-up objects. Presbyopia typically becomes noticeable in people over 40 years old and is not a refractive error in the same sense as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, but rather a natural aging change.
These refractive errors can often be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or in some cases, refractive surgery.
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